# Startup cold-start latency, initialization cost, deferred loading. ## Measure - startup profiling → process start → ready state - init timing → per-module/per-component cost - dependency analysis → large deps, their contribution to init - metrics → time to first byte, time to interactive, init cost breakdown ## Optimize - lazy loading → defer until first use - split init → load only what's needed for initial path - deferred setup → postpone non-critical initialization - pre-warming → cache modules/data at startup - trim deps → audit unused - optimize critical path → speed the startup sequence ## Pitfalls - over-lazy → complexity + first-use stalls - cold ≠ warm start; different problems - total time alone → break down by component - caching with startup cost